Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQs with Answers

Question-1. _______ is a procedure through which a piece of DNA is introduced in a host bacterium.

1. Transduction
2. Transformation
3. Conjugation
4. R.D.T

Question-2. During isolation of DNA, addition of which of the following causes precipitation of purified DNA ?

1. Chilled ethanol
2. Ribonuclease enzyme
3. DNA polymerase
4. Proteases

Question-3. In agarose gel electrophoresis

1. DNA migrates towards the negative electrode.
2. supercoiled plamids migrate slower than their nicked counterparts.
3. larger molecules migrate faster than smaller molecules.
4. ethidium bromide can be used to visualize the DNA.

Question-4. The first clinical application of gene therapy over a 4 year old girl was for

1. The first clinical application of gene therapy
2. Adenosine deficiency
3. Adenosine deficiency
4. None of these

Question-5. Which of the following is a natural genetic engineer of plants ?

1. Yeast
2. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
3. E. coli
4. Mycoplasma

Question-6. Which one of the following is used as vector for cloning genes into higher organisms?

1. Baculovirus
2. Salmonella typhimurium
3. Rhizopus nigricans
4. Retrovirus

Question-7. A bacterial cell was transformed with a recombinant DNA that was generated using a human gene. However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein. Reasons could be

1. Human gene may have intron which bacteria cannot process
2. Amino acid codons for humans and bacteria are different
3. Human protein is formed but degraded by bacteria
4. All of the above

Question-8. An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually helps in the selection of

1. Transformed cells
2. Recombinant cells
3. None of the above
4. Competent cells

Question-9. An enzyme catalysing the removal of nucleotides from the ends of DNA is:

1. exonuclease
2. endonuclease
3. Hind - II
4. DNA ligase

Question-10. Bacteria protect themselves from viruses by fragmenting viral DNA with

1. Endonuclease
2. Exonuclease
3. Ligase
4. Gyrase

Question-11. Excision and insertion of a gene is called

1. Genetic engineering
2. Cytogenetics
3. Biotechnology
4. None of these

Question-12. GMO technology is useful for

1. All the above
2. Making crop more tolerant to abiotic stresses
3. Making crop more tolerant to abiotic stresses
4. Enhancing nutritional value of food

Question-13. In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules are separated on the basis of their

1. Size only
2. Charge to size ratio
3. All of the above
4. Charge only

Question-14. Restriction enzymes were discovered by

1. Smith and Nathans
2. Smith and Nathans
3. Berg
4. None of these

Question-15. 'Restriction' in Restriction enzyme refers to

1. Prevention of the multiplication of bacteriophage in bacteria
2. All of the above
3. Cutting of DNA at specific position only
4. Cleaving of phosphodiester bond in DNA by the enzyme

Question-16. Rising of dough is due to

1. Production of CO2
2. Emulsification
3. Hydrolysis of wheat flour starch into sugars
4. Multiplication of yeast

Question-17. Significance of 'heat shock' method in bacterial transformation is to facilitate

1. Expression of antibiotic resistance gene
2. Uptake of DNA through transient pores in the bacterial cell wall
3. Uptake of DNA through membrane transport proteins
4. Binding of DNA to the cell wall

Question-18. The expression of a transgene in the target tissue is identified by a

1. Reporter
2. Enhancer
3. Promoter
4. Transgene

Question-19. The genetic defect adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency may be cured permanently by

1. Introducing bone marrow cells producing (ADA) into cells at an early embryonic stages
2. None of these
3. Administrating adenosine deaminase activators
4. Enzyme replacement therapy

Question-20. The most important feature in a plasmid to be used as a vector is:

1. Origin of replication (ori)
2. Presence of a selectable marker
3. Presence of sites for restriction endonuclease
4. Its size

Question-21. The transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another through the mediation of a vector like virus is termed as

1. Transduction
2. Conjugation
3. Transformation
4. Translation

Question-22. There is a restriction endonuclease called EcoRI. What does 'co' part of it stands for

1. coli
2. Coenzyme
3. Coelom
4. None of these

Question-23. Which is obtained from genetic engineering

1. Golden Rice
2. Haemoglobin
3. Glucose
4. None of these

Question-24. Which of the following bacteria is not a source of restriction endonuclease?

1. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
2. Escherichia coli
3. Haemophilus influenzae
4. Bacillius amyloli

Question-25. Which of the following has popularised the PCR (polymerase chain reactions)?

1. Availability of synthetic primers
2. Availability of cheap deoxyribonucleotides
3. Availability of 'Thermostable' DNA polymerase
4. Easy availability of DNA template

Question-26. Which of the following should be chosen for best yield if one were to produce a recombinant protein in large amounts?

1. A continuous culture system
2. Any of the above
3. A stirred-tank bioreactor without in-lets and out-lets
4. Laboratory flask of largest capacity

Question-27. Which of the following statements does not hold true for restriction enzyme?

1. It is isolated from viruses
2. It produces the same kind of sticky ends in different DNA molecules
3. It is an endonuclease
4. It recognises a palindromic nucleotide sequence

Question-28. Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq polymerase in a PCR reaction?

1. Extension of primer end on the template DNA
2. All of the above
3. Annealing of primers to template DNA
4. Denaturation of template DNA

Question-29. Which of the given statement is correct in the context of observing DNA separated by agarose gel electrophoresis?

1. Ethidium bromide stained DNA can be seen under exposure to UV light
2. Ethidium bromide stained DNA can be seen in visible light
3. DNA can be seen without staining in visible light
4. DNA can be seen in visible light

Question-30. Which technique made it possible to genetically engineering living organisms

1. Recombinant DNA techniques
2. Recombinant DNA techniques
3. Hybridisation
4. X-ray diffraction

Question-31. While isolating DNA from bacteria, which of the following enzymes is not used?

1. Deoxyribonuclease
2. Protease
3. Ribonuclease
4. Lysozyme

Question-32. Who among the following was awarded the Nobel Prize for the development of PCR technique?

1. Kary Mullis
2. Arthur Kornberg
3. Hargovind Khurana
4. Herbert Boyer

Question-33. A biotechnologist wanted to create a colony of E.coli possessing the plasmid pBR322, sensitive to Tetracycline. Which one of the following restriction sites would he use to ligate a foreign DNA?

1. Sal I
2. Pvu I
3. EcoRI
4. Hind III

Question-34. Agarose extracted from sea weeds is used in

1. spectrophotometry
2. tissue culture
3. PCR
4. gel electrophoresis

Question-35. An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually helps in the selection of

1. Competent cells
2. Transformed cells
3. Recombinant cells
4. None of the above

Question-36. An enzyme catalysing the removal of nucleotides from the ends of DNA is

1. endonuclease
2. exonuclease
3. DNA ligase.
4. Hind – II.

Question-37. Bt cotton genes repel

1. Insect pest
2. Nematode parasites
3. Fungal pathogens
4. None of these

Question-38. DNA finger-printing refers to

1. molecular analysis or profiles of DNA samples
2. analysis of DNA samples using imprint- ing device
3. techniques used for molecular analysis of different specimens of DNA
4. techniques used for identification of finger prints of individuals

Question-39. DNA fragments generated by the restriction endonucleases in a chemical reaction can be separated by

1. polymerase chain reaction
2. electrophoresis
3. restriction mapping
4. centrifugation

Question-40. DNA or RNA segment tagged with a radio- active molecule is called:

1. Vector
2. Probe
3. Clone
4. Plasmid

Question-41. For transformation with recombinant DNA, the bacterial cells must first be made ‘competent’ which means

1. should increase their metabolic reactions.
2. should decrease their metabolic reactions.
3. increase efficiency with which DNA enters the bacterium.
4. ability to divide fast.

Question-42. Genetic engineering is possible, because

1. the phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is well understood
2. we can see DNA by electron microscope
3. we can cut DNA at specific sites by endonucleases like DNAse-I
4. restriction endonucleases purified from bacteria can be used in vitro

Question-43. In bacteria, plasmid is

1. extrachromosomal material
2. main DNA
3. non-functional DNA
4. repetetive gene

Question-44. In genetic engineering, the antibiotics are used

1. as selectable markers.
2. to select healthy vectors.
3. to keep the cultures free of infection.
4. as sequences from where replication starts.

Question-45. Introduction of one or more genes into an organism which normally does not possess them or their deletion by using artificial means (not by breeding) comes under

1. Molecular Biology
2. Cytogenetics
3. Genetic hybridization
4. Genetic Engineering

Question-46. Maximum number of bases in plasmids dis- covered so far is

1. 50 kilo base
2. 500 kilo base
3. 5000 kilo base
4. 5 kilo base

Question-47. Plasmid has been used as vector because

1. both its ends show replication.
2. it can move between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
3. it is circular DNA which have capacity to join to eukaryotic DNA.
4. it has antibiotic resistance gene.

Question-48. Plasmid is

1. fragment of DNA which acts as vector
2. a fragment which joins two genes
3. mRNA which acts as carrier
4. autotrophic fragment

Question-49. Plasmids are suitable vectors for gene clon- ing because

1. these are small circular DNA molecules which can integrate with host chromo- somal DNA
2. these are small circular DNA molecules with their own replication origin site
3. these can shuttle between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
4. these often carry antibiotic resistance genes

Question-50. Recombinant DNA is obtained by cleaving the pro-DNA by

1. primase
2. exonucleases
3. ligase
4. restriction endonuclease

Question-51. Restriction endonucleases are enzymes which

1. make cuts at specific positions within the DNA molecule
2. recognize a specific nucleotide sequence for binding of DNA ligase
3. restrict the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase
4. remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA molecule

Question-52. Restriction endonudeases

1. are present in mammalian cells for degradation of DNA when the cell dies
2. are used in genetic engineering for ligating two DNA molecules
3. are used for in vitro DNA synthesis
4. are synthesized by bacteria as part of their defence mechanism

Question-53. Restriction enzymes belong to a larger class of enzymes, which is called as

1. ligases
2. kinases
3. nucleases
4. polymerases

Question-54. Satellite DNA is useful tool in

1. Organ transplantation
2. Sex determination
3. Forensic science
4. Genetic engineering

Question-55. Silencing of mRNA has been used in pro- ducing transgenic plants resistant to

1. Bacterial blights
2. Bollworms
3. Nematodes
4. White rusts

Question-56. Stirred-tank bioreactors have been designed for.

1. Ensuring anaerobic conditions in culture vessel
2. Purification of product
3. Addition of preservatives to product
4. Availability of oxygen throughout process.

Question-57. The basis for DNA fingerprinting is

1. occurrence of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
2. phe noty pic differences between individuals
3. availability of cloned DNA
4. knowledge of human karyotype

Question-58. The correct order of step in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is :

1. Extension, Denaturation, Annealing
2. Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
3. Denaturation, Extension, Annealing
4. Annealing, Extension, Denaturation.

Question-59. The enzyme used for joining two DNA fragments is called

1. ligase
2. restriction endonuclease
3. DNA polymerase
4. gyrase

Question-60. The first restriction endonuclease reported was

1. Hind II
2. EcoRI
3. Hind III
4. BamHI

Question-61. The process of replication in plasmid DNA, other than initiation, is controlled by

1. mitochondrial gene
2. bacterial gene
3. plasmid gene
4. None of the above

Question-62. The process of separation and purification of expressed protein before marketing is called :

1. Upstream processing
2. Downstream processing
3. Bio processing
4. Post production processing.

Question-63. The restriction enzymes are used in genetic engineering, because

1. they can degrade harmful proteins
2. they can join different DNA fragments
3. they can cut DNA at spe cific base sequence
4. they are nucleases that cut DNA at variable sites

Question-64. What is it that forms the basis of DNA Fin- gerprinting ?

1. The relative difference in the DNA occurrence in blood, skin and saliva
2. The relative amount of DNA in the ridges and grooves of the fingerprints
3. S ate llite DNA occur r ing a s highly repeated short DNA segments
4. The relative proportions of purines and pyrimidines in DNA

Question-65. What is the criterion for DNA fragments movement on agarose gel during gel electrophoresis?

1. The larger the fragment size, farther it moves.
2. The smaller the fragment size, farther it moves.
3. Positively charged fragment move to farther end.
4. Negatively charged fragment do not move.

Question-66. Which of the following are required to facilitate cloning into a vector ?

1. Origin of replication
2. Selectable marker
3. Cloning sites
4. All of these

Question-67. Which of the following bacteria is not a source of restriction endonuclease?

1. Haemophilus influenzae
2. Escherichia coli
3. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
4. Bacillus amyloli

Question-68. Which of the following is a plasmid?

1. pBR 322
2. Bam H I
3. Sal I
4. Eco RI

Question-69. Which of the following is known as specific molecular scissors?

1. Ligase
2. Helicase
3. Restriction endonuclease
4. DNA polymerase

Question-70. Which of the following is related to genetic engineering?

1. Mutation
2. Plasmid
3. Plastid
4. Heterosis

Question-71. Which one of the following techniques made it possible to genetically engineer living or- ganisms

1. Hybridization
2. Recombinant DNA techniques
3. X-ray diffraction
4. Heavier isotope labelling

Question-72. While isolating DNA from bacteria, which of the following enzymes is not used?

1. Lysozyme
2. Ribonuclease
3. Deoxyribonuclease
4. Protease

Question-73. During gene cloning which is called as gene taxi?

1. Vaccine
2. Plasmid
3. Bacterium
4. Protozoa

Question-74. Gene was synthesized in vitro by

1. Khorana
2. Ochoa
3. Hollay
4. Nirenberg

Question-75. Hybridoma cells are

1. Nervous cells of frog
2. Hybrid cells resulting from myeloma cells
3. Only cells having oncogenes
4. Product of spore formation in bacteria

Question-76. Hybridoma technology has been successfully used in

1. production of somatic hybrids
2. synthesis of monoclonal antibodies
3. synthesis of haemoglobin
4. production of alcohol in bulk

Question-77. Important objective of biotechnology in agriculture section is

1. To produce pest resistant varieties of plants
2. To increase the nitrogen content
3. To decrease the seed number
4. To increase the plant weight

Question-78. Introduction of food plants developed by genetic engineering is not desirable because

1. These products are less tasty as compared to the already existing products
2. The method is costly
3. Economy of developing countries may suffer.
4. There is danger of entry of viruses and toxins with introduced crop

Question-79. Micro-organisms can be grown in the bioreactors by

1. Support growth system
2. Agitated growth system
3. Suspended .growth system
4. Both (a) and (c)

Question-80. Name the drug used in cancer treatment produced by using biotechnology

1. Terramycin
2. HGH
3. Insulin
4. TSH(e) Enterferon

Question-81. Some pathogenic bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics by

1. Modifying their cell walls
2. Developing such enzymes which modify antibiotics
3. Alter the antibiotics target due to spontaneous mutation
4. All the above.

Question-82. The EcoR-1 enzyme is obtained from

1. Virus
2. Salmonella
3. E.Coli
4. Penicillium

Question-83. The first artificial plant hybrid was made around 1717 by

1. Thomas Fair child
2. De Vries
3. Borlaug
4. None of these

Question-84. The new strain of bacteria produced by biotechnology in alcohol industry is

1. Escherichia coli
2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
3. Bacillus sabtilis
4. Pseudomonas putida

Question-85. The two vitamins manufactured biotechnologically are

1. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B6
2. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B2
3. Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B2
4. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B9

Question-86. What is cDNA?

1. Circular DNA
2. Cloned DNA
3. DNA produced from reverse transcription of RNA
4. Cytoplasmic DNA

Question-87. What was the world's first ever mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell?

1. Sheep
2. Monkey
3. Cow
4. Calf

Question-88. Which of the following organelles is associated with genetic , engineering?

1. Plasmids
2. Plastids
3. Chloroplast
4. Mitochondria