Biotechnology Principles and Processes MCQs with Answers

Question-1. _______ is a procedure through which a piece of DNA is introduced in a host bacterium.

1. R.D.T
2. Transduction
3. Transformation
4. Conjugation

Question-2. During isolation of DNA, addition of which of the following causes precipitation of purified DNA ?

1. Proteases
2. Chilled ethanol
3. Ribonuclease enzyme
4. DNA polymerase

Question-3. In agarose gel electrophoresis

1. ethidium bromide can be used to visualize the DNA.
2. DNA migrates towards the negative electrode.
3. supercoiled plamids migrate slower than their nicked counterparts.
4. larger molecules migrate faster than smaller molecules.

Question-4. The first clinical application of gene therapy over a 4 year old girl was for

1. None of these
2. The first clinical application of gene therapy
3. Adenosine deficiency
4. Adenosine deficiency

Question-5. Which of the following is a natural genetic engineer of plants ?

1. Mycoplasma
2. Yeast
3. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
4. E. coli

Question-6. Which one of the following is used as vector for cloning genes into higher organisms?

1. Retrovirus
2. Baculovirus
3. Salmonella typhimurium
4. Rhizopus nigricans

Question-7. A bacterial cell was transformed with a recombinant DNA that was generated using a human gene. However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein. Reasons could be

1. All of the above
2. Human gene may have intron which bacteria cannot process
3. Amino acid codons for humans and bacteria are different
4. Human protein is formed but degraded by bacteria

Question-8. An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually helps in the selection of

1. Competent cells
2. Transformed cells
3. Recombinant cells
4. None of the above

Question-9. An enzyme catalysing the removal of nucleotides from the ends of DNA is:

1. DNA ligase
2. exonuclease
3. endonuclease
4. Hind - II

Question-10. Bacteria protect themselves from viruses by fragmenting viral DNA with

1. Gyrase
2. Endonuclease
3. Exonuclease
4. Ligase

Question-11. Excision and insertion of a gene is called

1. None of these
2. Genetic engineering
3. Cytogenetics
4. Biotechnology

Question-12. GMO technology is useful for

1. Enhancing nutritional value of food
2. All the above
3. Making crop more tolerant to abiotic stresses
4. Making crop more tolerant to abiotic stresses

Question-13. In agarose gel electrophoresis, DNA molecules are separated on the basis of their

1. Charge only
2. Size only
3. Charge to size ratio
4. All of the above

Question-14. Restriction enzymes were discovered by

1. None of these
2. Smith and Nathans
3. Smith and Nathans
4. Berg

Question-15. 'Restriction' in Restriction enzyme refers to

1. Cleaving of phosphodiester bond in DNA by the enzyme
2. Prevention of the multiplication of bacteriophage in bacteria
3. All of the above
4. Cutting of DNA at specific position only

Question-16. Rising of dough is due to

1. Multiplication of yeast
2. Production of CO2
3. Emulsification
4. Hydrolysis of wheat flour starch into sugars

Question-17. Significance of 'heat shock' method in bacterial transformation is to facilitate

1. Binding of DNA to the cell wall
2. Expression of antibiotic resistance gene
3. Uptake of DNA through transient pores in the bacterial cell wall
4. Uptake of DNA through membrane transport proteins

Question-18. The expression of a transgene in the target tissue is identified by a

1. Transgene
2. Reporter
3. Enhancer
4. Promoter

Question-19. The genetic defect adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency may be cured permanently by

1. Enzyme replacement therapy
2. Introducing bone marrow cells producing (ADA) into cells at an early embryonic stages
3. None of these
4. Administrating adenosine deaminase activators

Question-20. The most important feature in a plasmid to be used as a vector is:

1. Its size
2. Origin of replication (ori)
3. Presence of a selectable marker
4. Presence of sites for restriction endonuclease

Question-21. The transfer of genetic material from one bacterium to another through the mediation of a vector like virus is termed as

1. Translation
2. Transduction
3. Conjugation
4. Transformation

Question-22. There is a restriction endonuclease called EcoRI. What does 'co' part of it stands for

1. None of these
2. coli
3. Coenzyme
4. Coelom

Question-23. Which is obtained from genetic engineering

1. None of these
2. Golden Rice
3. Haemoglobin
4. Glucose

Question-24. Which of the following bacteria is not a source of restriction endonuclease?

1. Bacillius amyloli
2. Agrobacterium tumefaciens
3. Escherichia coli
4. Haemophilus influenzae

Question-25. Which of the following has popularised the PCR (polymerase chain reactions)?

1. Easy availability of DNA template
2. Availability of synthetic primers
3. Availability of cheap deoxyribonucleotides
4. Availability of 'Thermostable' DNA polymerase

Question-26. Which of the following should be chosen for best yield if one were to produce a recombinant protein in large amounts?

1. Laboratory flask of largest capacity
2. A continuous culture system
3. Any of the above
4. A stirred-tank bioreactor without in-lets and out-lets

Question-27. Which of the following statements does not hold true for restriction enzyme?

1. It recognises a palindromic nucleotide sequence
2. It is isolated from viruses
3. It produces the same kind of sticky ends in different DNA molecules
4. It is an endonuclease

Question-28. Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq polymerase in a PCR reaction?

1. Denaturation of template DNA
2. Extension of primer end on the template DNA
3. All of the above
4. Annealing of primers to template DNA

Question-29. Which of the given statement is correct in the context of observing DNA separated by agarose gel electrophoresis?

1. DNA can be seen in visible light
2. Ethidium bromide stained DNA can be seen under exposure to UV light
3. Ethidium bromide stained DNA can be seen in visible light
4. DNA can be seen without staining in visible light

Question-30. Which technique made it possible to genetically engineering living organisms

1. X-ray diffraction
2. Recombinant DNA techniques
3. Recombinant DNA techniques
4. Hybridisation

Question-31. While isolating DNA from bacteria, which of the following enzymes is not used?

1. Lysozyme
2. Deoxyribonuclease
3. Protease
4. Ribonuclease

Question-32. Who among the following was awarded the Nobel Prize for the development of PCR technique?

1. Herbert Boyer
2. Kary Mullis
3. Arthur Kornberg
4. Hargovind Khurana

Question-33. A biotechnologist wanted to create a colony of E.coli possessing the plasmid pBR322, sensitive to Tetracycline. Which one of the following restriction sites would he use to ligate a foreign DNA?

1. Hind III
2. Sal I
3. Pvu I
4. EcoRI

Question-34. Agarose extracted from sea weeds is used in

1. gel electrophoresis
2. spectrophotometry
3. tissue culture
4. PCR

Question-35. An antibiotic resistance gene in a vector usually helps in the selection of

1. None of the above
2. Competent cells
3. Transformed cells
4. Recombinant cells

Question-36. An enzyme catalysing the removal of nucleotides from the ends of DNA is

1. Hind – II.
2. endonuclease
3. exonuclease
4. DNA ligase.

Question-37. Bt cotton genes repel

1. None of these
2. Insect pest
3. Nematode parasites
4. Fungal pathogens

Question-38. DNA finger-printing refers to

1. techniques used for identification of finger prints of individuals
2. molecular analysis or profiles of DNA samples
3. analysis of DNA samples using imprint- ing device
4. techniques used for molecular analysis of different specimens of DNA

Question-39. DNA fragments generated by the restriction endonucleases in a chemical reaction can be separated by

1. centrifugation
2. polymerase chain reaction
3. electrophoresis
4. restriction mapping

Question-40. DNA or RNA segment tagged with a radio- active molecule is called:

1. Plasmid
2. Vector
3. Probe
4. Clone

Question-41. For transformation with recombinant DNA, the bacterial cells must first be made ‘competent’ which means

1. ability to divide fast.
2. should increase their metabolic reactions.
3. should decrease their metabolic reactions.
4. increase efficiency with which DNA enters the bacterium.

Question-42. Genetic engineering is possible, because

1. restriction endonucleases purified from bacteria can be used in vitro
2. the phenomenon of transduction in bacteria is well understood
3. we can see DNA by electron microscope
4. we can cut DNA at specific sites by endonucleases like DNAse-I

Question-43. In bacteria, plasmid is

1. repetetive gene
2. extrachromosomal material
3. main DNA
4. non-functional DNA

Question-44. In genetic engineering, the antibiotics are used

1. as sequences from where replication starts.
2. as selectable markers.
3. to select healthy vectors.
4. to keep the cultures free of infection.

Question-45. Introduction of one or more genes into an organism which normally does not possess them or their deletion by using artificial means (not by breeding) comes under

1. Genetic Engineering
2. Molecular Biology
3. Cytogenetics
4. Genetic hybridization

Question-46. Maximum number of bases in plasmids dis- covered so far is

1. 5 kilo base
2. 50 kilo base
3. 500 kilo base
4. 5000 kilo base

Question-47. Plasmid has been used as vector because

1. it has antibiotic resistance gene.
2. both its ends show replication.
3. it can move between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
4. it is circular DNA which have capacity to join to eukaryotic DNA.

Question-48. Plasmid is

1. autotrophic fragment
2. fragment of DNA which acts as vector
3. a fragment which joins two genes
4. mRNA which acts as carrier

Question-49. Plasmids are suitable vectors for gene clon- ing because

1. these often carry antibiotic resistance genes
2. these are small circular DNA molecules which can integrate with host chromo- somal DNA
3. these are small circular DNA molecules with their own replication origin site
4. these can shuttle between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Question-50. Recombinant DNA is obtained by cleaving the pro-DNA by

1. restriction endonuclease
2. primase
3. exonucleases
4. ligase

Question-51. Restriction endonucleases are enzymes which

1. remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA molecule
2. make cuts at specific positions within the DNA molecule
3. recognize a specific nucleotide sequence for binding of DNA ligase
4. restrict the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase

Question-52. Restriction endonudeases

1. are synthesized by bacteria as part of their defence mechanism
2. are present in mammalian cells for degradation of DNA when the cell dies
3. are used in genetic engineering for ligating two DNA molecules
4. are used for in vitro DNA synthesis

Question-53. Restriction enzymes belong to a larger class of enzymes, which is called as

1. polymerases
2. ligases
3. kinases
4. nucleases

Question-54. Satellite DNA is useful tool in

1. Genetic engineering
2. Organ transplantation
3. Sex determination
4. Forensic science

Question-55. Silencing of mRNA has been used in pro- ducing transgenic plants resistant to

1. White rusts
2. Bacterial blights
3. Bollworms
4. Nematodes

Question-56. Stirred-tank bioreactors have been designed for.

1. Availability of oxygen throughout process.
2. Ensuring anaerobic conditions in culture vessel
3. Purification of product
4. Addition of preservatives to product

Question-57. The basis for DNA fingerprinting is

1. knowledge of human karyotype
2. occurrence of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
3. phe noty pic differences between individuals
4. availability of cloned DNA

Question-58. The correct order of step in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is :

1. Annealing, Extension, Denaturation.
2. Extension, Denaturation, Annealing
3. Denaturation, Annealing, Extension
4. Denaturation, Extension, Annealing

Question-59. The enzyme used for joining two DNA fragments is called

1. gyrase
2. ligase
3. restriction endonuclease
4. DNA polymerase

Question-60. The first restriction endonuclease reported was

1. BamHI
2. Hind II
3. EcoRI
4. Hind III

Question-61. The process of replication in plasmid DNA, other than initiation, is controlled by

1. None of the above
2. mitochondrial gene
3. bacterial gene
4. plasmid gene

Question-62. The process of separation and purification of expressed protein before marketing is called :

1. Post production processing.
2. Upstream processing
3. Downstream processing
4. Bio processing

Question-63. The restriction enzymes are used in genetic engineering, because

1. they are nucleases that cut DNA at variable sites
2. they can degrade harmful proteins
3. they can join different DNA fragments
4. they can cut DNA at spe cific base sequence

Question-64. What is it that forms the basis of DNA Fin- gerprinting ?

1. The relative proportions of purines and pyrimidines in DNA
2. The relative difference in the DNA occurrence in blood, skin and saliva
3. The relative amount of DNA in the ridges and grooves of the fingerprints
4. S ate llite DNA occur r ing a s highly repeated short DNA segments

Question-65. What is the criterion for DNA fragments movement on agarose gel during gel electrophoresis?

1. Negatively charged fragment do not move.
2. The larger the fragment size, farther it moves.
3. The smaller the fragment size, farther it moves.
4. Positively charged fragment move to farther end.

Question-66. Which of the following are required to facilitate cloning into a vector ?

1. All of these
2. Origin of replication
3. Selectable marker
4. Cloning sites

Question-67. Which of the following bacteria is not a source of restriction endonuclease?

1. Bacillus amyloli
2. Haemophilus influenzae
3. Escherichia coli
4. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Question-68. Which of the following is a plasmid?

1. Eco RI
2. pBR 322
3. Bam H I
4. Sal I

Question-69. Which of the following is known as specific molecular scissors?

1. DNA polymerase
2. Ligase
3. Helicase
4. Restriction endonuclease

Question-70. Which of the following is related to genetic engineering?

1. Heterosis
2. Mutation
3. Plasmid
4. Plastid

Question-71. Which one of the following techniques made it possible to genetically engineer living or- ganisms

1. Heavier isotope labelling
2. Hybridization
3. Recombinant DNA techniques
4. X-ray diffraction

Question-72. While isolating DNA from bacteria, which of the following enzymes is not used?

1. Protease
2. Lysozyme
3. Ribonuclease
4. Deoxyribonuclease

Question-73. During gene cloning which is called as gene taxi?

1. Protozoa
2. Vaccine
3. Plasmid
4. Bacterium

Question-74. Gene was synthesized in vitro by

1. Nirenberg
2. Khorana
3. Ochoa
4. Hollay

Question-75. Hybridoma cells are

1. Product of spore formation in bacteria
2. Nervous cells of frog
3. Hybrid cells resulting from myeloma cells
4. Only cells having oncogenes

Question-76. Hybridoma technology has been successfully used in

1. production of alcohol in bulk
2. production of somatic hybrids
3. synthesis of monoclonal antibodies
4. synthesis of haemoglobin

Question-77. Important objective of biotechnology in agriculture section is

1. To increase the plant weight
2. To produce pest resistant varieties of plants
3. To increase the nitrogen content
4. To decrease the seed number

Question-78. Introduction of food plants developed by genetic engineering is not desirable because

1. There is danger of entry of viruses and toxins with introduced crop
2. These products are less tasty as compared to the already existing products
3. The method is costly
4. Economy of developing countries may suffer.

Question-79. Micro-organisms can be grown in the bioreactors by

1. Both (a) and (c)
2. Support growth system
3. Agitated growth system
4. Suspended .growth system

Question-80. Name the drug used in cancer treatment produced by using biotechnology

1. TSH(e) Enterferon
2. Terramycin
3. HGH
4. Insulin

Question-81. Some pathogenic bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics by

1. All the above.
2. Modifying their cell walls
3. Developing such enzymes which modify antibiotics
4. Alter the antibiotics target due to spontaneous mutation

Question-82. The EcoR-1 enzyme is obtained from

1. Penicillium
2. Virus
3. Salmonella
4. E.Coli

Question-83. The first artificial plant hybrid was made around 1717 by

1. None of these
2. Thomas Fair child
3. De Vries
4. Borlaug

Question-84. The new strain of bacteria produced by biotechnology in alcohol industry is

1. Pseudomonas putida
2. Escherichia coli
3. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4. Bacillus sabtilis

Question-85. The two vitamins manufactured biotechnologically are

1. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B9
2. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B6
3. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B2
4. Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B2

Question-86. What is cDNA?

1. Cytoplasmic DNA
2. Circular DNA
3. Cloned DNA
4. DNA produced from reverse transcription of RNA

Question-87. What was the world's first ever mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell?

1. Calf
2. Sheep
3. Monkey
4. Cow

Question-88. Which of the following organelles is associated with genetic , engineering?

1. Mitochondria
2. Plasmids
3. Plastids
4. Chloroplast