Biotechnology and its Applications MCQs with Answers

Question-1. A probe which is a molecule used to locate specific sequences in a mixture of DNA or RNA molecules could be

1. Either RNA or DNA
2. Can be ss DNA but not ss RNA
3. A single stranded DNA
4. A single stranded RNA

Question-2. A protoxin is:

1. Inactive toxin
2. Toxin produced by protozoa
3. A denatured toxin
4. A primitive toxin

Question-3. Bt cotton is not

1. Resistant to all pesticides
2. A bacterial gene expressing system
3. Insect resistant
4. A GM plant

Question-4. Choose the correct option regarding Retrovirus

1. An RNA virus that can synthesise DNA during infection
2. A DNA virus that can synthesise RNA during infection
3. A ssDNA virus
4. A dsRNA virus

Question-5. Clot buster obtained from Streptococcus and modified by genetic engineering is

1. Streptokinase
2. Penicillin
3. Cyclosporin A
4. Statins

Question-6. C-peptide of human insulin is

1. Removed during maturation of pro-insulin to insulin
2. Responsible for its biological activity
3. Responsible for formation of disulphide bridges
4. A part of mature insulin molecule

Question-7. E. coli are used in production of

1. rifampicin
2. LH
3. ecdysone
4. interferon

Question-8. GEAC stands for

1. Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
2. Genetic and Environment Approval committee
3. Ground Environment Action Committee
4. Genome Engineering Action Committee

Question-9. Genes of interest can be selected from a genomic library by using

1. restriction enzymes
2. cloning vectors
3. DNA probes
4. gene targets

Question-10. Maturation of proinsulin into insulin takes place after

1. Maturation of proinsulin into insulin takes place after
2. Joining of c-peptide
3. Addition of disulphide bridge
4. Joining of c-peptide

Question-11. Pathophysiology is the

1. Study of altered physiology of host
2. None of the above
3. Study of normal physiology of host
4. Study of physiology of pathogen

Question-12. Production of human protein in bacteria by genetic engineering is possible because

1. Genetic code is universal
2. Bacterial cell can undertake RNA splicing
3. Mechanism of gene regulation is identical in humn and bacteria
4. None of these

Question-13. Restriction endonuclease is employed for cutting

1. Double strand DNA
2. RNA fragment
3. mRNA
4. A single strand DNA

Question-14. Restriction enzymes are also called

1. Molecular scissors
2. Carriers
3. Vectors
4. Molecular makers

Question-15. RNA interference helps in

1. Cell defence
2. Cell differentiation
3. Micropropagation
4. Cell proliferation

Question-16. Some of the characteristics of Bt cotton are

1. High yield and production of toxic proteins ceystals which kill dipteran pests
2. High yield and resistance to bollworms
3. High yield and resistance to bollworms
4. All of these

Question-17. The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4 years old girl with enzyme deficiency of

1. adenosine deaminase (ADA)
2. tyrosine oxidase
3. monamine oxidase
4. glutamate dehydrogenase

Question-18. The first human drug made using recombinant DNA technology was

1. glyphosatase
2. TPA
3. insulin
4. erythropoietin

Question-19. The site of production of ADA in the body is

1. bone marrow
2. lymphocytes
3. blood plasma
4. monocytes

Question-20. The site of production of ADA in the body is

1. Lymphocytes
2. Bone marrow
3. Blood plasma
4. Monocytes

Question-21. The trigger for activation of toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis is

1. Alkaline pH of gut
2. Mechanical action in the insect gut
3. High temperature
4. Acidic pH of stomach

Question-22. Which bacterium is used in the production of insulin by genetic engineering?

1. Escherichia
2. Mycobacterium
3. Rhizobium
4. Saccharomyces

Question-23. Which of the following is the quality of improved transgenic basmati rice?

1. Gives high yield and is rich in vitamin A
2. Does not require chemical fertilizers and growth hormones
3. Resistant to insects and diseases
4. Resistant to insects and diseases

Question-24. a - 1 antitrypsin is :

1. Used to treat emphysema
2. Used to treat arthritis
3. An enzyme
4. An antacid

Question-25. ADA is an enzyme which is deficient in a genetic disorder SCID. What is the full form of ADA?

1. Adenosine deaminase
2. Aspartate deaminase
3. Arginine deaminase
4. Adenosine deoxy aminase

Question-26. An improved variety of transgenic basmati rice

1. does not require chemical fertilizers and growth hormones
2. gives high yield and is rich in vitamin A
3. is completely resistant to all insect pests and diseases of paddy
4. gives high yield but has no characteristic aroma

Question-27. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains have been used for designing novel

1. bio-fertilizers
2. bio-metallurgical techniques
3. bio-mineralization processes
4. bio-insecticidal plants

Question-28. Bt toxin is harmful to insects like

1. lepidoterans (tobacco budworm, armyworms)
2. coleopterans (beetles)
3. dipterans (flies and mosquito)
4. all of the above

Question-29. Bt toxin kill the larvae of certain insects

1. by binding of activated toxin on mid gut epithelial cells, creating pores, leading to swelling and lysis.
2. by stopping transcription of larval cells.
3. by altering central dogma taking place in the cells of gut of larva.
4. by stopping protein synthesis.

Question-30. Consumption of which one of the following foods can prevent the kind of blindness as- sociated with vitamin ‘A’ deficiency

1. Golden rice
2. Bt-Brinjal
3. Flaver Savr tomato
4. Canolla

Question-31. C-peptide of human insulin is

1. a part of mature insulin molecule.
2. responsible for formation of disulphide bridges.
3. removed during maturation of pro-insulin to insulin.
4. responsible for its biological activity.

Question-32. Cry protein is obtained from

1. Bacillus thuringiensis
2. Bacillus subtilis
3. Clostridium welchi
4. E. coli

Question-33. Cry-genes have been introduced in

1. cotton and corn
2. rice
3. potato and soyabean
4. all of the above

Question-34. Cry-I endotoxins obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis are effective against

1. mosquitoes
2. flies
3. nematodes
4. bollworms

Question-35. DNA or RNA segment tagged with a radioactive molecule is called ___________ .

1. vector
2. probe
3. clone
4. plasmid

Question-36. Genetic engineering has been successfully used for producing

1. transgenic mice for testing safety of polio vaccine before use in humans
2. transgenic models for studying new treatments for certain cardiac diseases
3. transgenic Cow-Rosie which produces high fat milk for making ghee
4. animals like bulls for farm work as they have super power

Question-37. Genetically engineered bacteria have been successfully used in the commercial produc- tion of

1. human insulin
2. testosterone
3. thyroxine
4. melatonin

Question-38. Golden rice is

1. A transgenic rice having gene for - carotene
2. Wild variety of rice with yellow coloured grains
3. Long stored rice having yellow colour tint
4. A variety of rice grown along the yellow river in China

Question-39. Golden rice is a genetically modified crop plant where the incorporated gene is meant for biosynthesis of :

1. Vitamin A
2. Vitamin B
3. Vitamin C
4. Omega 3

Question-40. Golden rice is a transgenic crop of the future with the following improved trait

1. high lysine (essential amino aci
2. content
3. insect resistance
4. high protein contentd) high vitamin-A content

Question-41. In Bt cotton, the Bt toxin present in plant tis- sue as pro-toxin is converted into active toxin due to :-

1. Acidic pH of the insect gut
2. Action of gut micro-organisms
3. Presence of conversion factors in insect gut
4. Alkaline pH of the insect gut

Question-42. In genetics engineering which is used for transfer of genes from one cell to another

1. Vector
2. Probe
3. Virus
4. Plasmid

Question-43. In RNAi, genes are silenced using

1. ds RNA
2. ss RNA
3. ds DNA
4. ss DNA

Question-44. In some children, ADA deficiency can be cured by

1. bone marrow transplantation
2. enzyme replacement therapy
3. both a) and b)
4. none of the above

Question-45. Maximum number of existing transgenic animals is of

1. Fish
2. Mice
3. Cow
4. Pig

Question-46. PCR technique was invented by

1. Karry Mullis
2. Boyer
3. Sanger
4. None of these

Question-47. Producing a giant mouse in the laboratory was possible through

1. gene mutation
2. gene manipulation
3. gene synthesis
4. gene duplication

Question-48. Production of a human protein in bacteria by genetic engineering is possible because

1. bacterial cell can carry out the RNA splicing reactions
2. the human chromosome can replicate in bacterial cell
3. the mechanism of gene regulation is identical in humans and bacteria
4. the genetic code is universal

Question-49. Read the following four statements (A-D) about certain mistakes in two of them. (A) The first transgenic buffalo, Rosie pro- duced milk which was human alpha-lac- talbumin enriched.(B) Restriction enzymes are used in isolation of DNA from other macro molecules.(C) Downstream processing is one of the steps of R-DNA technology.(D) Disarmed pathogen vectors are also used in transfer of R-DNA into the host.Which are the two statements having mis- takes ?

1. Statements (A) and (B)
2. Statements (B) and (C)
3. Statements (C) and (D)
4. Statements (A) and (C)

Question-50. Recombinant DNA or rDNA technology as discovered by

1. Cohen and Boyer
2. Sutton and Avery
3. Sutton and Avery
4. All of these

Question-51. RNA interference (RNAi) technique has been devised to protect the plants from nematode is silenced by ______produced by the host plant

1. dsDNA
2. ssDNA
3. dsRNA
4. target proteins

Question-52. Silencing of a gene could be achieved through the use of

1. by both
2. none of the above
3. antisense RNA
4. short interfering RNA (RNAi

Question-53. Some of the characteristics of Bt cotton are

1. Long fibre and resistance to aphids
2. Medium yield, long fibre and resistance to beetle pests
3. high yield and production of toxic protein crystals which kill dipteran pests
4. High yield and resistance to bollworms

Question-54. The bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis is widely used in contemporary biology as

1. Agent for production of dairy products
2. Source of industrial enzyme
3. Indicator of water pollution
4. Insecticide

Question-55. The crops engineered for glyphosate are re- sistant/ tolerant to :-

1. Bacteria
2. Insects
3. Herbicides
4. Fungi

Question-56. The first clinical gene therapy was done for the treatment of

1. SCID (Servere Combined Immuno Deficiency resulting form deficiency of ADA)
2. Cystic fibrosis
3. Cancer
4. AIDS

Question-57. The first human hormone produced by re- combinant DNA technology is -

1. Insulin
2. Estrogen
3. Thyroxine
4. Progesterone

Question-58. The first successfully cloned mammals (ani- mal) that gained worldwide publicity was

1. Molly (a sheep)
2. Polly (a sheep)
3. Chance (a bull)
4. Dolly (a sheep)

Question-59. The genetic defect - adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency may be cured permanently by

1. introducing bone marrow cells produc- ing ADA into cells at early embryonic stages.
2. enzyme replacement therapy.
3. periodic infusion of genetically engi- neered lymphocytes having functional ADA cDNA.
4. administering adenosine deaminase activators.

Question-60. The genetically-modified (GM) brinjal in India has been developed for

1. insect-resistance
2. enhancing shelf life
3. enhancing mineral content
4. drought-resistance

Question-61. The process of RNA interference has been used in the development of plants resistant to

1. Nematodes
2. Fungi
3. Viruses
4. Insects

Question-62. The protein a-1 antitrypsin is used to treat the

1. cancer
2. rheumatoid arthritis
3. Alzheimer's disease
4. emphysema

Question-63. The transgenic animals are those which have

1. foreign DNA in some of its cells
2. foreign DNA in all its cells
3. foreign RNA in all its cells
4. DNA and RNA both in the cells

Question-64. Tobacco plants resistant to a nematode have been developed by the introduction of DNA that produced (in the host cells)

1. both sense and anti-sense RNA.
2. a particular hormone.
3. an antifeedant.
4. a toxic protein.

Question-65. Transgenic plants are the ones

1. produced after protoplast fusion in arti- ficial medium.
2. grown in artificial medium after hybrid- ization in the field.
3. produced by a somatic embryo in artifi- cial medium.
4. generated by introducing foreign DNA in to a cell and regenerating a plant from that cell.

Question-66. What is true about Bt toxin?

1. The activated toxin enters the ovaries of the pest to sterilise it and thus prevent its multiplication.
2. The concerned Bacillus has antitoxins.
3. The inactive protoxin gets converted into active form in the insect gut.
4. Bt protein exists as active toxin in the Bacillus.

Question-67. Which body of the Government of India regu- lates GM research and safety of introducing GM organisms for public services ?

1. Indian Council of Agricultural Research
2. Genetic Engineering Approval Committee
3. Research Committeeon Genetic Manipulation
4. Bio-safety committee

Question-68. Which is a genetically modified crop?

1. All of these
2. Golden rice
3. Bt-brinjal
4. Bt-cotton

Question-69. Which one is a true statement regarding DNA polymerase used in PCR ?

1. It is isolated from a virus
2. It remains active at high temperature
3. It is used to ligate introduced DNA in recipient cells
4. It serves as a selectable marker

Question-70. Antigens are present

1. Inside nucleus
2. Inside cytoplasm
3. On cell surface
4. Inside lysosomes

Question-71. Biological control of agricultural pests, unlike chemical control is

1. toxic
2. self perpetuation
3. polluting
4. very expensive

Question-72. Confusion technique is used in

1. Reducing harmful insects
2. Eliminating weeds
3. Increasing population of predators
4. Developing herbicides

Question-73. Genetically engineered bacteria have been used in commercial production of

1. Thyroxine
2. Testosterone
3. Human insulin
4. Melatonium

Question-74. Hepatitis B vaccine is

1. First generation vaccine
2. Second generation vaccine
3. Third generation vaccine
4. Interferon

Question-75. Humulin is the term used for

1. A powerful antibiotic
2. A new digestive enzyme
3. New Research integrated to human welfare
4. Human insulin

Question-76. Kohler and Milstein developed biotechnology for production of

1. Modern vaccines
2. Immobilised enzymes
3. Monoclonal antibodies
4. Myelomas

Question-77. Number of antibiotics isolated till now is

1. Around 700
2. Over 7000
3. About 1700
4. Around 70

Question-78. Number of known enzymes is

1. 1200
2. 2200
3. About 5000
4. Around 500

Question-79. On what Indian bioresource did Vandana Shiva's efforts get the patent cancelled?

1. Healing principle of turmeric
2. Anti-diabetes property of Karela
3. Insecticides from Neem
4. Laxative property of animals

Question-80. The discovery that led to the development of first antibiotic was made by

1. Jenner
2. Pasteur
3. Fleming
4. Waksman

Question-81. The first bioherbicide was obtained from

1. Peninciilium
2. Phytophthora palmivora
3. Phythophthora infestons
4. Bacillus thuringiensis

Question-82. The first transgenic crop was

1. Pea
2. Flax
3. Tobacco
4. Cotton

Question-83. The two vitamins manufactured biotechnologically are

1. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B6
2. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B2
3. Vitamin B6 and Vitamin B2
4. Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B9

Question-84. Transgenic crops developed to tolerate herbicides are

1. Tomato and rice
2. Rice and wheat
3. Maize and sugarcane
4. Tomato and Tobacco

Question-85. What was the world's first ever mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell?

1. Sheep
2. Monkey
3. Cow
4. Calf