Excretory products and their elimination MCQs with Answers

Question-1. Presence of RBCs in urine is

1. Uremia
2. ketonuria
3. Glucosuria
4. hematuria

Question-2. Ornithine cycle leads to the formation of

1. NH3
2. ((NH2)2)CO)
3. C5H4N4O3
4. C5H4N4

Question-3. The basic functional unit of the human kidney is

1. nephron
2. pyramid
3. nephridia
4. Henle’s loop

Question-4. A condition of failure of kidney to form urine is called

1. deamination
2. entropy
3. anuria
4. None of these

Question-5. A patient suffering from cholera is given saline drip because

1. Cl – ions are important component of blood plasma
2. Na+ ions help to retain water in the body
3. Na+ ions are important in transport of substances across membrane
4. Cl– ions help in the formation of HCl in stomach for digestion

Question-6. A person is undergoing prolonged fasting. His urine will be found to contain abnormal quantities of

1. fats
2. ketones
3. amino acids
4. glucose

Question-7. A person who is on a long hunger strike and is surviving only on water, will have

1. more sodium in his urine
2. less amino acids in his urine
3. more glucose in his blood
4. less urea in his urine

Question-8. Angiotensinogen is a protein produced and secreted by

1. macula densa cells
2. endothelial cells (cells lining the blood vessels)
3. liver cells
4. Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells

Question-9. Antidiuretic hormone

1. All the above
2. Is secreted by nerve cells with their cell bodies in hypothalamus
3. Increases permeability of renal collecting duct cells to water
4. Secretion is determined by plasma osmolarity

Question-10. Aquatic reptiles are

1. ammonotelic
2. ureotelic
3. ureotelic in water
4. ureotelic over land

Question-11. Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is released in response to the increase in blood volume and blood pressure. Which of thefollowing is not the function of ANF?

1. Stimulates aldosterone secretion
2. Inhibits the release of renin from JGA
3. Stimulates salt loss in urine
4. Inhibits sodium reabsorption from collecting duct

Question-12. By definition, an ectotherm

1. obtains most of its heat from its environment.
2. derives most of its heat from its own metabolism
3. is warm-blooded
4. is cold-blooded

Question-13. Consider the following four statements (AD) about certain desert animals such as kangaroo rat (A) They have dark colour and high rate of reproduction and excrete solid urine. (B) They do not drink water, breathe at a slow rate to conserve water and have their body covered with thick hairs. (C) They feed on dry seeds and do not require drinking water. (D) They excrete very concentrated urine and do not use water to regulate body temperature. Which two of the above statements for such animals are true?

1. C and D
2. B and C
3. C and A
4. A and D

Question-14. Glucose is taken back from glomerular filtrate through

1. active transport
2. passive transport
3. osmosis
4. diffusion

Question-15. If Henles loop were absent from mammalian nephron, which of the following is to be expected ?

1. The urine will be more concentrated
2. The urine will be more dilute
3. There will be no urine formation
4. There will be hardly any change in the quality and quantity of urine formed

Question-16. If kidneys fail to reabsorb water, the effect on tissue would

1. remain unaffected
2. shrink and shrivel
3. absorb water from blood plasma
4. take more O2 from blood

Question-17. In living beings, ammonia is converted into urea through

1. ornithine cycle
2. citrulline cycle
3. fumarine cycle
4. arginine cycle

Question-18. In mammals, the urinary bladder opens into

1. Urethra
2. Uterus
3. Vestibule
4. Ureter

Question-19. In ornithine cycle, which one pair of the following wastes are removed from the blood?

1. CO2 and urea
2. CO2 and ammonia
3. Ammonia and urea
4. Urea and sodium salts

Question-20. In Prawn, excretion is carried out by

1. Green glands
2. Malpighian tubules
3. Nephrons
4. Flame cells

Question-21. In ureotelic animals, urea is formed by

1. ornithine cycle
2. Cori cycle
3. Krebs cycle
4. EMP pathway

Question-22. Metanephric kidneys are found in

1. All of these
2. Birds only
3. Reptiles only
4. mammals only

Question-23. Nitrogenous waste products are eliminated mainly as

1. urea in tadpole and ammonia in adult frog
2. ammonia in tadpole and urea in adult frog
3. urea in both tadpole and adult frog
4. urea in tadpole and uric acid in adult frog

Question-24. Part not belonging to uriniferous tubule is

1. glomerulus
2. Henle’sloop
3. distal convoluted tubule
4. connecting tubule

Question-25. Proximal and distal convoluted tubules are parts of

1. Nephron
2. Oviduct
3. Vas deferens
4. Seminiferous tubules

Question-26. Reabsorption of chloride ions from glomerular filtrate in kidney tubule occurs by

1. Diffusion
2. Brownian movement
3. Osmosis
4. Active transport

Question-27. Reabsorption of useful substances from glomerular filtrate occurs in

1. collecting tube
2. loop of Henle
3. proximal convoluted tubule
4. distal convoluted tubule

Question-28. Reabsorption of water in distal parts of kidney tubules/urine formation is controlled by

1. vasopressin
2. calcitonin
3. relaxin
4. oxytocin

Question-29. The ability of the vertebrates to produce concentrated (hyperosmoti

1. urine usually depends upon the
2. area of Bowman’s capsule epithelium
3. length of Henle’s loop c) length of the proximal convoluted tubule
4. capillary network forming glomerulus

Question-30. The appearance of albumin in the urine is most likely due to

1. Damage to the Malpighian corpuscles
2. Decrease in the blood osmotic corpuscles
3. Increase in the blood pressure
4. Damage to the proximal convoluted tubules

Question-31. The basic functional unit of human kidney is

1. nephron
2. pyramid
3. nephridia
4. Henle’s loop

Question-32. The condition of excess urea in blood is known as

1. Uraemia
2. Polyuria
3. Haematuria
4. None of these

Question-33. The kidney of an adult frog is

1. pronephros
2. mesonephros
3. metanephros
4. opisthonephros

Question-34. The net pressure gradient that causes the fluid to filter out of the glomeruli into the capsule is

1. 20mmHg
2. 75mmHg
3. 30mmHg
4. 50mmHg

Question-35. The sole mechanism for water reabsorption by the renal tubules is

1. osmosis.
2. active tansport
3. cotransport with sodium ions
4. cotransport with bicarbonate ions

Question-36. Under normal conditions which one is completely reabsorbed in the renal tubule?

1. Urea
2. Uric acid
3. Salts
4. Glucose

Question-37. Urea from the blood can be removed by

1. Dialysis
2. Uremia
3. Diuresis
4. Micturition

Question-38. Uric acid is nitrogenous waste in

1. mammals and molluscs
2. birds and lizards
3. frog and cartilaginous fishes
4. insects and bony fishes

Question-39. Uricotelism is found in

1. Birds, reptiles and insects
2. Fishes and fresh water protozoans
3. Mammals and birds
4. Frogs and toads

Question-40. What will happen if the stretch receptors of the urinary bladder wall are totally removed?

1. Urine will continue to collect normally in the bladder
2. There will be no micturition
3. Urine will not collect in the bladder
4. Micturition will continue

Question-41. Which of the following components of blood does not enter into the nephron?

1. plasma protein
2. water
3. urea
4. glucose

Question-42. Which one of the following is correctly matched pair of the given secretion and its primary role in human physiology?

1. Sweat — Thermoregulation
2. Saliva — Tasting food
3. Tears — Excretion of salts
4. Sebum — Sexual attraction

Question-43. Which region of the kidney nephron is the main site of amino acid reabsorption?

1. proximal convoluted tubule
2. distal convoluted tubule
3. Bowman’s capsule
4. glomerulus

Question-44. Average blood filtered by kidneys per minute is

1. 1000 – 1500 mL
2. 500 – 600 mL
3. 200 – 300 mL
4. 1100 – 1200 mL

Question-45. If a man takes large amount of protein, he is likely to excrete more amount of

1. Glucose
2. Urea and uric acid
3. Water
4. Salts

Question-46. In the kidneys, osmotic pressure controls

1. Glucose absorption
2. Sodium absorption
3. Water absorption
4. none of these

Question-47. JG cells release

1. angiotensin II
2. aldosterone
3. renin
4. ANF

Question-48. Kidneys are located in

1. thoracic cavity
2. abdominal cavity
3. body cavity
4. pelvic cavity

Question-49. Most water and salts are reabsorbed in

1. DCT
2. Bowman s capsule
3. PCT
4. DCT and PCT

Question-50. Nerves, blood vessels and ureter enters into the kidney through

1. calyces
2. hilum
3. capsule
4. cortex

Question-51. pH of human urine is

1. 7
2. 6.5
3. 6
4. 7.5

Question-52. Presence of…..................in urine indicates diabetes mellitus.

1. Glucose
2. Cholesterol
3. Ketone bodies
4. Both 1 and 3

Question-53. Reabsorption of filterate occurs in

1. renal tubules
2. glomerular apparatus
3. medullary pyramid
4. juxta cells

Question-54. The muscular tubes which take the urine from the kidneys to the bladder are

1. Urinary bladders
2. Ureters
3. Urethras
4. Nephrons

Question-55. The principal nitrogenous excretory compound in humans is synthesised

1. In the liver but eliminated mostly through kidneys
2. In kidneys but eliminated mostly through liver
3. In kidneys as well as eliminated by kidneys
4. In liver and also eliminated by the same through bile

Question-56. The renal medulla consists of cone-shaped tissue masses called

1. Renal pyramid
2. Adipose capsule
3. Renal cortex
4. Renal pelvis

Question-57. The yellow pigment derived from heme breakdown and excreted by kidneys is

1. Uric acid
2. Urochrome
3. Cholesterol
4. Melanin

Question-58. What happens when glomerular filteration rate falls?

1. Activation of podocytes
2. Release of renin
3. Repression of juxta glomerular cells
4. None of the above

Question-59. Which of the following can be cured by hemodialysis?

1. Renal calculi
2. Glomerulonephritis
3. Uremia
4. All of these can be cured by hemodialysis

Question-60. Which one of the following statements in regard to the excretion by the human kidneys is correct?

1. Ascending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to electrolytes
2. Descending limb of Loop of Henle is impermeable to water
3. Distal convoluted tubule is incapable of reabsorbing HCO3
4. Nearly 99 percent of the glomerular filtrate is reabsorbed by the renal tubules